Exposure therapy is utilized to move individuals towards facing the anxiety-provoking situations and stimuli which they typically avoid. This form of therapy focuses on building behavioral skills so that patients can behave and react more adaptively to anxiety-producing situations. It is a structured, goal-oriented, and didactic form of therapy that focuses on helping individuals identify and modify characteristic maladaptive thinking patterns and beliefs that trigger and maintain symptoms. Psychotherapy: One of the most effective forms of psychotherapy is cognitive-behavioral therapy. They are most helpful for phobias, particularly social phobia. DSM–5 American Psychiatric Association, 2013):īeta-blockers (propranolol and atenolol) control the physical symptoms of anxiety such as rapid heart rate, a trembling voice, sweating, dizziness, and shaky hands. Physiological symptoms: increased heart rate, palpitations shortness of breath, rapid breathing chest pain or pressure choking sensation dizzy, light-headed sweaty, hot flashes, chills nausea, upset stomach, diarrhea trembling, shaking tingling or numbness in arms and legs weakness, unsteadiness, faintness tense muscles, rigidity and dry mouth.īehavioral symptoms: avoidance of threat cues or situations escape, flight pursuit of safety, reassurance restlessness, agitation, pacing hyperventilation freezing, motionless and difficulty speaking.Īffective symptoms: nervous, tense, wound up frightened, fearful, terrified edgy, jumpy, jittery and impatient, frustrated.Īnxiety Disorders as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. Characteristic Symptoms Pathological AnxietyĬognitive symptoms: fear of losing control fear of physical injury or death fear of "going crazy" fear of negative evaluation by others frightening thoughts, mental images, or memories perception of unreality or detachment poor concentration, confusion, distractible narrowing of attention, hypervigilance for threat poor memory and difficulty speaking.
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